When designing a wooden house, it is important to consider how it will be heated. When connected to a central heating system, there are no problems. But if you decide to design a more economical autonomous way of heating the premises (boiler, stove), then you need to think about how to remove the combustion products from the room. The main problem here is how to pass the chimney through the wall in a private wooden house. To prevent unpleasant consequences, it is necessary to follow the fire safety recommendations when designing and installing with your own hands.
Methods of manufacturing chimneys
Installation of the system with which the output of combustion products is carried out can be made of the following materials:
- brick;
- ceramics;
- metal.
The chimney in a wooden house made of brick is a solution that is now practically not used. The application is justified, for example, in the process of restoration, when you need to recreate the original appearance of the house, which is of historical value.
Ceramic products are a more modern solution. It is a construction of a special chimney brick, insulation and an internal ceramic pipe. Their installation allows you to ensure the smoothness of the inner walls and reduce the sedimentation of soot on the inner surface of the pipe.
A metal chimney is a composite pipe consisting of two shells with insulation laid between them. Each type of design has its own installation and design requirements. Therefore, without a detailed examination of each separately, it is difficult to understand the technology of the device through the wall.
Ceramic chimneys
In the manufacture of the internal chimney, the following requirements are imposed on it:
- the minimum distance from the chimney to the supporting beams, if it is laid between the pipe and the overlap of asbestos sheets in two layers - 250 mm, without laying asbestos - 380 mm.
- in the presence of asbestos insulation, the distance from the pipe to the wooden wall is taken to be 250 mm or more, if insulation is not provided, the distance is taken to be at least 380 mm.
- when using mineral wool for insulation, the distance from the pipe to the rafters is taken at least 130 mm;
- when using easily combustible materials - 260 mm;
- for roofing in places of contact with the pipe, materials that are resistant to high temperatures (steel, ceramic tiles, slate) should be used. If materials such as flexible bituminous shingles are used, contact with the pipe must be prevented. The distance from the bitumen coating to the chimney in the plan should be at least 50 cm.
All the requirements described above are relevant for the manufacture of an internal chimney, but sometimes it is better to choose an external outlet. It avoids complexity and improves the safety of the structure, since the combustion products cannot enter the room.
Such installation is only suitable if the boiler is located directly on the outer wall. The design will not allow to perform an extended horizontal section. The advantages of using include the attractive appearance of the building. This option is best suited for boilers for liquid and gaseous fuels. The disadvantage of the design will be increased condensation, which leads to sedimentation on the walls of substances that destroy the pipe.
An external chimney is made in the same way as an internal chimney, but it is necessary to provide insulation of its walls in contact with cold air. The thickness of the insulation is up to 10 cm and is assigned depending on the climatic characteristics of the area. It is important that in most cases the pipe will still pass through the roofing, so it is worth following the recommendations for internal conclusions. An opening for checking and cleaning is provided at the bottom, and a drip is also installed. Under a brick pipe, you will have to make a separate foundation or projection of a support under the house.
It is worth considering the following masonry requirements:
- providing dressing;
- manufacture of ceramic full-bodied brick on a lime (cement-lime) mortar inside the house;
- after withdrawal through the roof, the masonry is performed on a cement mortar;
- joint thickness should not exceed 10 mm;
- plastering the inner surface of the pipe is prohibited.
Metal chimneys
Here, during installation, in addition to taking into account the distance in order to protect the wall or ceiling, a different thickness of the internal wall for heating devices from which the output of combustion products is taken is taken:
- boilers for gas, diesel fuel, pellets - 0.5 mm;
- fireplaces and stoves - 0.8 mm;
- coal boilers -1.0 mm.
The wall is made of stainless steel. An additional advantage of such a chimney is that it comes with elements in order to allow the passage of the chimney through a wooden ceiling, roof or wall.
Installation through a wall fence avoids the need for passage through the ceiling and roof. This method increases the security of the system, since the pipe is located on the street and combustion products cannot enter the room. For a metal pipe to go through the wall, finished parts are used. It is important to remember that a horizontal section appears and it is necessary to provide a sliding seal, which will not allow damage to the chimney during shrinkage of wooden structures.
Installation through the outer wall of metal pipes is the easiest option for making a chimney with your own hands. This method allows you to change the direction of the pipes without difficulty. The work is carried out in the following order:
- Marking the laying route, determining the output point through the wall fence. Making holes for the size of the chimney.
- Fixing the inside of the pipe, passing through a hole in the wall, insulation.
- Changing the direction of the chimney at an angle of 90 degrees using a special tee with a cleaning valve, which provides the possibility of revision and cleaning. The device is installed at a certain distance from the wall.
- Grow the pipe in height. If necessary, changes in direction require additional tees. Fixation of the chimney to the wall is carried out with the help of special fasteners located after 2 meters.
Pipe insulation
To bring the pipe out with your own hands, it is necessary to provide for its insulation. The situation here is similar to the insulation of the chimney when passing through a cold attic and after the conclusion to the roof. Installation of thermal insulation can be carried out using various materials.
Mineral wool is easy to install and does not burn. On the market there are special elements for pipe insulation, which will greatly facilitate the work. If you want to save money, it is better to choose glass wool in mats (rolls). It is characterized by high efficiency. You can choose a material suitable for thickness and density.
Pressed basalt cardboard is a durable material that can withstand up to 2000 heating and cooling cycles. Basalt fiber does not burn. The positive sides will also be the low cost and ability to withstand high temperatures.
Asbestos fabric is common in our country for compliance with fire requirements, but is not used in Western countries due to the content of carcinogens. When used in outdoor chimneys, human contact with asbestos is minimal, so the material is not dangerous.
The installation of insulation for brick pipes is carried out in the same way as the insulation of external walls. For metal chimneys, there are two options. The first is the easiest - buying pipes by type of "sandwich". The design already includes insulation and consists of an outer and inner pipe. The second option is the manufacture of an outer casing of stainless steel and the installation of an effective heater between it and the chimney. The easiest way to use mineral wool in this case. The thickness of the insulation is taken no more than 10 cm.
The installation of an external chimney is especially relevant when installing the boiler in an already operating house, since it allows not to affect the ceilings and the roof.
One of the most important issues here is the sufficient insulation of the pipe.